Systematics of porifera university of california museum of. Your purchase includes a 2page student worksheet and 2page teacher key in both. Their skeletons are made of spikelike structures consisting of fibers of the protein spongin and the mineral silica. They are found in both fresh and saltwater environments, and in shallow or deep waters. Hosted by the usgs core science analytics and synthesis. There are three classes, the hexactinellida, or glass sponges, the. Also cells are not organized into tissues or organs.
The body is organized around a system of water canals and chambers. From the latin porus for pore and ferre to bear, hence an animal with with pores. Main efforts are devoted to cell and mariculture of sponges to assure a sustainable exploitation of bioactive compounds from. The demospongiae are the largest class in the phylum porifera. However, it is not a legal authority for statutory or regulatory purposes. Water is inhaled through small pores 10100 m in diameter, traverses the afferent canals towards the choanocyte chamber and is expelled through efferent canals and the larger exhalant osculum. The phylogenetic position of proboscis worms is uncertain. These are primitive multicellular animals and have cellular level of organisation. Sponges phylum porifera are known to be very rich sources for bioactive compounds, mainly secondary metabolites.
The best i can do is to offer two different schemes to give you some idea of the problems, either one is satisfactory for secondary schools and beyond that you should consult your teacher or lecturer unless you would become a. Itis taxonomy is based on the latest scientific consensus available, and is provided as a general reference source for interested parties. As a result, certain fossil groups whose organization was consistent with that of living sponges were not placed within the phylum porifera. Planarians, tapeworms, flukes some are free living and some are parasitic. It is the only phylum of the animal subkingdom parazoa and represents the least evolutionarily advanced group of the animal kingdom. A discussion of the sponge fauna of the dry tortugas in particular and the west indies in general, with material for a revision of the families and orders of the porifera. Surprising was the fact that even those elements exist in porifera pdf realty elk grove which are characteristic for. The approximately 5,000 living sponge species are classified in the phylum porifera, which is composed of three distinct groups, the hexactinellida glass sponges, the demospongia, and the calcarea calcareous sponges.
Has inner cavity called spongocoel has large opening called osculum lining body are cells flagellated cells called choanocytes these cells beat to produce a flow of h20 into the sponge through pores in through the body wall, and out through the osculum. Their sponge walls appear folded, creating dermal pores. Phylum rotifera consists of aquatic, microscopic invertebrates. In contrast, the complexity of metazoans or multicellular animals. Sessile metazoans possessing inhalant and exhalant pores connected by chambers lined by choanocytes. How is it possible for sponges to survive without a digestive, excretory, circulatory, or respiratory system.
More than 5,000 species are known, most of which occur in. Download objective type questions of phylum porifera pdf visit our pdf store. They are multicellular organisms that have bodies full of pores and channels allowing water to circulate through them, consisting of jellylike mesohyl sandwiched between two thin layers of cells. These pores are actually openings to the incurrent canal. Porifera cellular level of body organization middle layer mesohyl. Even though they are multicellular, they do not have any tissues or organs. The three types of sponges asconoid smallest syconoid middlesized leuconoid largest. These are by far the simplest multicellular animals.
The higher classification of the porifera is considerably confused by different experts preferring different schemes. Sponges have unspecialized cells that can transform into other types and which often migrate between the main cell layers and the. Why do scientists consider sponges to be the simplest, most basal animals. Study 47 phylum porifera and cnidaria flashcards from linea l. Chapter 8 phylum porifera to protect the rights of the authors and publisher we inform you that this pdf is an uncorrected proof for internal business use only by the authors, editors. They are multicellular but dont have tissues or organs the name porifera means pore bearer in latin a pore is a tiny hole.
Page designed through the cooperative efforts of interagency itis teams. Phylum porifera the shape of life the story of the animal. The invertebrates, or invertebrata, are animals that do not contain bony structures, such as the cranium and vertebrae. Porifera have no real body layers but they do have 2 cell layers. The small openings are the entrances to a complex system of channels. Porifera, or the sponge phylum, lives mostly in marine environments. Too small to dissect in lab, you could only look at a whole specimen as above or prepared slides. Hal ini dapat anda kuasai melalui pengamatan dan mendiskripsikan ciri sertamanfaat dari protozoa. Porifera, or sponges, are the simplest and oldest of the multicelled animals, with fossils dating back to precambrian times. Porifera use canals and pores diffusion to perform life functions. Over 7, 000 species, approximately 40 species that occur in local waters. The choanocytes flagella circulate water from the ostia, through incurrent and radial canals, to the.
Too small to dissect in lab, you could only look at. Phylum porifera and cnidaria animal biology 110 with raines at colorado state university fort collins. Porifera are pore bearing organisms, commonly known as sponges, that come in all shapes, sizes, and colors. At one time, a diagnostic feature of the porifera was the presence of spicules. Parazoans beside animals do not display tissuelevel organization, although they do have specialized cells that perform specific functions. The porifera are a wellcharacterised group of aquatic, predominantly marine animals including about 5000 described species. Many of our slide specimens have been stained red or green. Sponges sponges are considered the oldest animal group.
Phylum porifera definition of phylum porifera by the. The phylum porifera are multicellular organisms which have bodies full of pores and channels allowing water to circulate through them, consisting of jellylike mesohyl contractted between two thin layers of cells. This sponge looks white in the jar, but many not all. These animals are distinct from the protozoa in having a cellular construction, and from other metazoa in the absence of true tissues and in the possession of an elaborate filter feeding apparatus. Pdf the porifera are a wellcharacterised group of aquatic, predominantly marine animals including about 5000.
Phylum porifera the shape of life the story of the. A unique innovation in porifera that evolved from the cathepsin l family of proteins, it has been reported that two amino acids s and h are. Porifera are most commonly asymmetrical but can also have radial symmetry. The phylum porifera is subdivided into four recent classes. This skin has lots of small pores and a few large openings. Phylum porifera objective type questions pdf download. Where the spikelike structures of silica are present, they have a different shape from those in the similar glass sponges. A sponges body is covered by a skin, one cell thick. Sep 21, 2016 learn biology sponges and porifera duration.
Pada bab ini anda akan diajak untuk dapat memahami pengetian, ciri dan struktur tubuh, sistem klasifikasi serta manfaat porifera. Class calcarea contains calcium carbonate spicules and no spongin, class hexactinellida contains sixrayed siliceous spicules and no spongin, and class demospongia contains spongin and may or may not have spicules. Carnegie institute of washington tortugas laboratory paper n 467 30. Wikipedia this group of animals is probably considered as the oldest animal group. They come in many different colors, shapes and sizes, and structures. Sycon sponges sycon sponges are slightly more complex than the ascon sponges. The presence and composition of spiculesspongin are the differentiating characteristics of the three classes of sponges shown in figure 3. Feb 15, 20 watch the full video and learn all about kingdom animalia.
The inner folds create radial canals, which are lined by choanocytes and open into the spongocoel. Porifera, encompassing over 8000 valid species, are. Phylum porifera and cnidaria animal biology 110 with. A read is counted each time someone views a publication summary such as the title, abstract, and list of authors, clicks on a figure, or views or downloads the fulltext. Choose from 500 different sets of porifera flashcards on quizlet. While every effort has been made to provide the most reliable and uptodate information available, ultimate legal requirements with respect to species are contained in. The simplest animals to have 3 germ layers, bilateral symmetry, and cephalization. Why is a singlecelled organism not classified as an animal. These multicellular organisms technically have no organs, muscles, digestive track or brains. Phylum porifera is classified mainly basing on skeleton. There are approximately 5,000 to 10,000 species of sponges. They are generally marine and mostly asymmetrical animals figure 4. Phylum porifera phylum porifera sponges are the simplest animals radially symmetrical acoelomate body resembles a perforated sac. Description, classification, synonyms of phylum porifera sponges.
Soft, flattened worms with tissues and internal organ systems. Atkinson lj and sink kj eds field guide to the ofshore marine invertebrates of south africa. Porifera authors touiek samaai 1, robyn payne2, seshnee maduray, and liesl janson citation samaai t, payne rp, maduray s and janson l. Choanocyte flagellated collar cell the flagellated collar cell. There is some debate if sponges are complex colonial protozans and not metazoans. For how long did singlecelled organisms dominate the earth. Watch the full video and learn all about kingdom animalia. Water enters through minute pores ostia in the body wall into. Explain the position of the phylum porifera in the phylogenetic tree of invertebrates. The simplest of all the invertebrates are the parazoans, which include only the phylum porifera. Sponges phylum porifera are important organisms from an ecological.
Phylum porifera mcq multiple choice question and answer phylum porifera mcq with detailed explanation for interview, entrance and competitive exams. In the jar, these sponge specimens look like white or transparent plant roots note. Its name comes from the latin roots porus, which translates to pores, and ferre, which means to bear. Download full book in pdf, epub, mobi and all ebook format.